Grid middleware provides a software layer that allows optimal use of geographically distributed compute, storage and other networked resources in a transparent way.
The users of a Grid no longer have to submit computational jobs to individual computers, but to the Grid as a whole. The Grid then takes care that the jobs gets submitted to the computer(s) that can best process the job in terms of capability, capacity, speed or cost.
The same principal holds for the request of storage capacity or network bandwidth, but also for requests to use certain research equipment such as an MRI scanner or electron microscope.
Grid Computing offers two main advantages to organisations:
1) Grid technology allows scientists and engineers to utilise larger amounts of computer resources together to solve computational problems quicker than would otherwise be possible.
2) Grid technology allows organisations to utilise their computer infrastructure more efficiently by allowing sophisticated software rather than humans to allocate, schedule and account for resources.